Copula‐based joint distribution analysis of wind speed and wind direction: Wind energy development for Hong Kong

Accurate and reliable assessment of wind energy potential has important implication to the industry. Most previous studies on focused solely speed, whereas dependence direction was much less considered documented. In this paper, a copula-based method is proposed better characterize direction-related at six typical sites in Hong Kong. The joint probability density function (JPDF) speed constructed by series copula models. It shows that Frank best performance fit JPDF hilltop offshore while Gumbel outperforms other models urban sites. derived JPDFs are applied estimate power obtained maximum varies from 41.3 W/m2 an site 507.9 site. These outcomes expected facilitate accurate micro-site selection turbines, thereby improving economic benefits farms Meanwhile, developed provides useful references for further investigations regarding assessments various terrain regions. Notably, can also be somewhere than